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Naming conventions around the world
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DVD Profiler Unlimited Registrantxradman
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Quoting Unicus69:
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Quoting xradman:
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Most often she may change her middle name to her maiden surname (ie. Hillary/ Diane/ Rodham to Hillary/ Rodham/ Clinton).

I don't know where you got all this invormation, but I have to disagree with this.  I know a lot of women and not a single one has replaced her middle name with her maiden name.  Does this happen?  Yes.  Does it happen more often than not?  Not in my experience.

Quote:
Very rarely, she may conjoin her husband's name to her name to form a hyphenated or double surname (less than 1%).

I have to disagree with this as well.  In fact, I have seen this more often than I have seen the the one above. 

You are right about the first example.  ~25% of women who take their husband's surname as their surname change their middle name to their maiden name.  However, according to this research I found, ~1% take hyphenated or double last name.  I think if you take out the Hispanic couples, that probably would take it much further down.  Hyphenated and double last names are very common among Hispanic population, but that's for children, and less so for married couples.

Hillary drops her maiden name
Quote:
Laurie Scheuble, a sociologist at Pennsylvania State University who has studied the choice of last names by married women, says Clinton's decision to drop her maiden name puts her in sync with the vast majority of married women in America.

"To most people, family means everyone having the same last name," says Scheuble, author of "Trends in Women's Marital Name Choice: 1966-1996" and "Attitudes Toward Nontraditional Marital Name Choices." "She's doing the right thing politically to appeal to the most voters. She's conforming to the social norm."

Married working women often face a dilemma over whether to retain their maiden name alone, use both their maiden name and their husband's last name or use their husband's last name alone.

Clinton and seven other married women in the Senate have adopted the names of a husband. Only Clinton and Sen Kay Bailey Hutchison have used their maiden names in conjunction with their husbands' last names.

Scheuble says her research shows that 95 percent of married women use a husband's last name. Of those, about 25 percent informally use their maiden name as a middle name.

About 4 percent retain their maiden name as their last name.

And about one percent legally change their last names to hyphenated names that include both their maiden name and a husband's last name.

Hillary Rodham married Bill Clinton, her Yale Law School classmate, in 1975 in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
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 Last edited: by xradman
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Quoting Dr. Killpatient:
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There's also room on both cards for multiple given names though.

Yes there's room for more given names and if I had any they would be there. Just not under a different entry other than "given names".
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Quoting Unicus69:
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Quoting xradman:
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Most often she may change her middle name to her maiden surname (ie. Hillary/ Diane/ Rodham to Hillary/ Rodham/ Clinton).

I don't know where you got all this invormation, but I have to disagree with this.  I know a lot of women and not a single one has replaced her middle name with her maiden name.  Does this happen?  Yes.  Does it happen more often than not?  Not in my experience.

This may be a product of your age.  When I grew up in the 50s & early 60s it was common for married women to stop using their given "middle" name and substituting their maiden (nee) name in its place.  Thus did my mother, born Mary Elizabeth X become Betty X Y when she married my dad.  (She never went by her given "first" name because it was the same as my grandmother's name and would have been confusing.  I don't think that had anything to do with her taking her family name as her new middle name when she married dad.)

I have been interested in genealogy for a number of years now, and until the advent of Women's Lib in the late 60s, the most common practice, at least in the Eastern part of the US, was for a woman to replace her given second name with her "maiden" name.

Again, it's a matter of perspective.  Not only is there a cultural difference between the US and other countries, there's a generational difference and possibly a regional difference within the US (and probably elsewhere).

I remember someone telling me that his wife had a problem getting their bank to use the name his wife wanted on checks:  Mrs. John Doe.  The bank said she had to use Mary Doe, not Mrs. John.  I don't remember where in the South they came from, but apparently it was common there to lose the wife's first name as well.  Now THAT, to me, didn't make much sense.
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In Hungary, like in many Asian countries, it is common to use the (what we in the West would consider to be) reversed name order. So in Hungarian, the name of composer Béla Bartók would become Bartók Béla.

I'm not familiar with further details of Hungarian naming conventions - just mentioning this to illustrate the point that our long-lasting problem with Asian names is not confined to just Asia.

Heck, even in Flemish occasionally they're using reversed name order (as in Vandersteen Willy) as an alternative to Western naming conventions - but nowadays this is becoming more rare.
 Last edited: by dee1959jay
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Quoting xradman:
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Since there seems to be lot of confusion regarding what is a Last name vs. surname vs. family name around the world, I thought it would be interesting to learn about naming conventions around the world.  If users can post what they know about naming conventions in their countries, I think it can go a long ways in enlightening us about how to approach building a better program and database. 

So, I will start with the good old USA.  I am not a geneologist or a census taker, but I do deal with 100s of official names every day in my daily job.  US is a melting pot of various cultures around the world, but what follows is what is typical for the majority.

United States of America

In the USA, official names are what is on the birth certificate or passports or other official documents.  It's not always the same as what most people call you by (William/ Jefferson/ Clinton vs. Bill// Clinton).  In the US, most people are given First name/s, middle name/s, and Last name.  Last name is synonymous with surname.  Most people would not differentiate between surname and the family name.  Surname (greater than 90% of cases) are taken from the father's surname.  There are very few instances of double surname or hyphenated surname (mostly in hispanic families).  When a woman marries, she most often (~95% of cases) takes on the surname of her husband as her surname.  She may keep her maiden surname as her surname (~4% especially if she is in certain professional position). Of the women who take on their husband's surname as their own surname, ~25% change their middle name to their maiden surname (ie. Hillary/ Diane/ Rodham to Hillary/ Rodham/ Clinton).  Very rarely, she may conjoin her husband's name to her name to form a hyphenated or double surname (~1%).

First name is usually a single given name at birth.  In some parts of the country (south), double first names are also common (ie. Mary Jo, Sue Allen, etc).  In many cases, official first names are full length names rather than shortened nick names (William vs. Bill, John vs. Jack, etc), however, this is not always the case.

Middle name/s is also usually a single given name at birth.  It can be another given name similar to first name or in many families, name/s to honor other family member or their surname (John/ Fitzgerald/ Kennedy (named for maternal grandfather John/ F/ Fitzgerald) or George/ Herbert Walker/ Bush (named for maternal grandfather George/Herbert/Walker)).  Some people also have initial only as their official middle name, however this is relatively uncommon.

So in summary,

First name
- Usually a single given name at birth
- Usually a full name rather than shortened name
- Usually the name a person is called in social setting

Middle name
- Usually a single given name at birth/marriage
- Often named in honor of another family member
- Sometimes changed in woman at marriage to reflect her maiden surname

Last name
- Synonymous with surname
- Usually a single name taken from the father's surname
- Usually adopted from husband's surname at marriage for a woman
- Double or hyphenated names are rare except in certain culture

Asian Americans

Asian Americans will usually use western name as their first name and Asian given name as their middle name (small minority will reverse this using Asian given name as their first name and western name as their middle name).  Last name or surname is almost always taken from the father's surname and double or hyphenated last names are very rare.  Unlike their counterparts in Asia, most woman adopt their husband's surname as their surname with marriage.

First name
- Usually western given name
- Rarely Asian given name

Middle name
- Usually Asian given name
- Rarely western given name

Last name
- Synonymous with surname
- Usually a single name taken from the father's surname
- Usually adopted from husband's surname at marriage for a woman
- Double or hyphenated names are rare


I don't intend to argue or fight with you, but as i have said before, this type of discussion is irrelevant since the culture that we follow for data ebtry purposes is as it is displayed on the screen. It is a simple procedure and easy for all to follow, if the data does not resemble the appearance On screen the it is wrong. Pure and simple. Why aren't you complaining about Chow Yun Fat neing displayed in a totally different from from the American cast members he works with, or lobby Hollywood to color code the surname. I have never understood the passion on this issue, even with the linkibng issue, it strikes me as if it is viewed as some personal insult, which to me is totally irrational, you aren't Chow Yun-Fat...are you? Then you might have a legitimate gripe to be personally insulted. In the market where i live if i go to a theater starring Mr. Chow, I suspect the percventtage is very high  of people who are familiar with the issue. However, I also suspect conversely that there are areas of the country yhay if you asked what his surname was, the answer would be largely Yun-Fat, they would probably automatically deal with his name based on other cast members in the cast list.

As I have said before from the intent of the design there is no culture other than the credits, as long as the data in the database resembles the data On Screen then I don't care how it is arrived at. That is the culture of the credits, not the culture of the name because we are not Profiling Names or Family Trees.

It all is soooo simple and this ongoing brouhaha seems like so much ado about nothing. All the system was ever designed for was the credits, period. Every user has the ability to take that data and manipulate it as he sees fit, to do otherwise creates a mess that has been seen in many other places. Is there a perfect answer...probably not...but the answer that was designed is data-based reality, not user-based supposition. You can argue all you want but the fact IS that the data as it appears Chow Yun-Fat (Yun Fat) that is how the data appears, anything else is user based supposition. If there is a credit that actually says Yun Fat Chow, you know absolutely how I would say to deal with it. Enter the data as you see it, provide documentation that Yun Fat Chow and Chow Yun Fat are the same person, check the CLT and bang zoom finished, easy and not a terribly big deal

Skip

Skip<shrugs>
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 Last edited: by Winston Smith
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Quoting kdh1949:
Quote:
Quoting Unicus69:
Quote:
Quoting xradman:
Quote:
Most often she may change her middle name to her maiden surname (ie. Hillary/ Diane/ Rodham to Hillary/ Rodham/ Clinton).

I don't know where you got all this invormation, but I have to disagree with this.  I know a lot of women and not a single one has replaced her middle name with her maiden name.  Does this happen?  Yes.  Does it happen more often than not?  Not in my experience.

This may be a product of your age.  When I grew up in the 50s & early 60s it was common for married women to stop using their given "middle" name and substituting their maiden (nee) name in its place.  Thus did my mother, born Mary Elizabeth X become Betty X Y when she married my dad.  (She never went by her given "first" name because it was the same as my grandmother's name and would have been confusing.  I don't think that had anything to do with her taking her family name as her new middle name when she married dad.)

I have been interested in genealogy for a number of years now, and until the advent of Women's Lib in the late 60s, the most common practice, at least in the Eastern part of the US, was for a woman to replace her given second name with her "maiden" name.

Again, it's a matter of perspective.  Not only is there a cultural difference between the US and other countries, there's a generational difference and possibly a regional difference within the US (and probably elsewhere).

I remember someone telling me that his wife had a problem getting their bank to use the name his wife wanted on checks:  Mrs. John Doe.  The bank said she had to use Mary Doe, not Mrs. John.  I don't remember where in the South they came from, but apparently it was common there to lose the wife's first name as well.  Now THAT, to me, didn't make much sense.


My own mother did precuisely the same thing as I have explained several times. The bottom line is that, at least in America and suspect elsewhere as well, the only person who KNOWS how there name should be dealt with is that person himself/herself, with the exception of the known clues Bobby-Jo, Bonham-Carter. A persons name is one of the most personal pieces of data a person has, aside from a woman's age and weight Go ahead and waterboard her, she still won't talk.


Two of my own very best friends who I have known for over 40 years, I know both of their full names, but if you asked me I could not tell you precisely how their names should be parsed, the subject has never come up between us. Yet  people presume to KNOW how a stranger's name should be dealt with...I think not.

Skip
ASSUME NOTHING!!!!!!
CBE, MBE, MoA and proud of it.
Outta here

Billy Video
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Quoting Dr Pavlov:
Quote:

I don't intend to argue or fight with you, but as i have said before, this type of discussion is irrelevant since the culture that we follow for data ebtry purposes is as it is displayed on the screen. It is a simple procedure and easy for all to follow, if the data does not resemble the appearance On screen the it is wrong. Pure and simple. Why aren't you complaining about Chow Yun Fat neing displayed in a totally different from from the American cast members he works with, or lobby Hollywood to color code the surname. I have never understood the passion on this issue, even with the linkibng issue, it strikes me as if it is viewed as some personal insult, which to me is totally irrational, you aren't Chow Yun-Fat...are you? Then you might have a legitimate gripe to be personally insulted. In the market where i live if i go to a theater starring Mr. Chow, I suspect the percventtage is very high  of people who are familiar with the issue. However, I also suspect conversely that there are areas of the country yhay if you asked what his surname was, the answer would be largely Yun-Fat, they would probably automatically deal with his name based on other cast members in the cast list.

As I have said before from the intent of the design there is no culture other than the credits, as long as the data in the database resembles the data On Screen then I don't care how it is arrived at. That is the culture of the credits, not the culture of the name because we are not Profiling Names or Family Trees.

It all is soooo simple and this ongoing brouhaha seems like so much ado about nothing. All the system was ever designed for was the credits, period. Every user has the ability to take that data and manipulate it as he sees fit, to do otherwise creates a mess that has been seen in many other places. Is there a perfect answer...probably not...but the answer that was designed is data-based reality, not user-based supposition. You can argue all you want but the fact IS that the data as it appears Chow Yun-Fat (Yun Fat) that is how the data appears, anything else is user based supposition. If there is a credit that actually says Yun Fat Chow, you know absolutely how I would say to deal with it. Enter the data as you see it, provide documentation that Yun Fat Chow and Chow Yun Fat are the same person, check the CLT and bang zoom finished, easy and not a terribly big deal

Skip

Skip<shrugs>

Then please don't argue or fight.  If everything was as straightforward and simple as you say, we would not be having 40 page discussions whenever names and parsing comes up.  Besides this is just an informative thread on how names are made around the world.  We are not here to discuss how to parse names for the profiler.  I know I've already learned a lot and knowing how people around the world are named can only help us understand how we can better approach implementing or changing how we deal with names.
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 Last edited: by xradman
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Quoting Dr Pavlov:
Quote:
I don't intend to argue or fight with you, but as i have said before, this type of discussion is irrelevant since the culture that we follow for data ebtry purposes is as it is displayed on the screen. It is a simple procedure and easy for all to follow

Agreed on this point. However, two little remarks:
- I don't think this thread was meant as a guideline to input names in DVD Profiler (although I can understand you make the assumption)
- The above-mentioned rule is indeed the way to do it and is easy to follow, except for foreign movies that don't have romanized credits. e.g. this is how the cast is identified on screen for Keitai Sousakan 7 but try entering this into DVD Profiler, being unicode-handicapped as it is:
http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/contents/k-tai7/cast/index.html
I'm sorry to digress a bit but there is a problem regarding cast & crew input into DVD Profiler for non-Western releases.
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Taro,

Since you joined this thread's discussion, could you perhaps enlighten us on the name rules in Belgium? I always assumed these were equal to those in the Netherlands, but I noticed sorting in namelists can be different: "van Amsterdam" under "A" in the Netherlands but under "V" in Belgium. Is this a formalised rule?
Eric

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Quoting eommen:
Quote:
Taro,

Since you joined this thread's discussion, could you perhaps enlighten us on the name rules in Belgium? I always assumed these were equal to those in the Netherlands, but I noticed sorting in namelists can be different: "van Amsterdam" under "A" in the Netherlands but under "V" in Belgium. Is this a formalised rule?
Yes, in Belgium we don't take the 'van', 'van de', 'van der' etc prefixes seperately and consider them an integral part of the name to sort. So:

Jean-Claude Van Damme would be sorted under the 'v' and not under the 'd'.
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Quoting Taro:
Quote:
Quoting eommen:
Quote:
Taro,

Since you joined this thread's discussion, could you perhaps enlighten us on the name rules in Belgium? I always assumed these were equal to those in the Netherlands, but I noticed sorting in namelists can be different: "van Amsterdam" under "A" in the Netherlands but under "V" in Belgium. Is this a formalised rule?
Yes, in Belgium we don't take the 'van', 'van de', 'van der' etc prefixes seperately and consider them an integral part of the name to sort. So:

Jean-Claude Van Damme would be sorted under the 'v' and not under the 'd'.

And the "V" would be capitalized in Belgium, and not capitalized in the Netherlands. Right?
DVD Profiler Desktop and Mobile RegistrantStar ContributorTaro
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Quoting marcelb7:
Quote:
Quoting Taro:
Quote:
Quoting eommen:
Quote:
Taro,

Since you joined this thread's discussion, could you perhaps enlighten us on the name rules in Belgium? I always assumed these were equal to those in the Netherlands, but I noticed sorting in namelists can be different: "van Amsterdam" under "A" in the Netherlands but under "V" in Belgium. Is this a formalised rule?
Yes, in Belgium we don't take the 'van', 'van de', 'van der' etc prefixes seperately and consider them an integral part of the name to sort. So:

Jean-Claude Van Damme would be sorted under the 'v' and not under the 'd'.

And the "V" would be capitalized in Belgium, and not capitalized in the Netherlands. Right?
Yes, the 'V' in names such as Van Damme are capitalized, unless it's a name stemming from nobility, in which case a minuscule is used.
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Taro,

Thanks for all the insight.  Do you think you could summarize for us naming conventions in Belgium?

marcelb7 and eommen,

Do you think one of you could summarize for us naming conventions in the Netherlands?

Thanks,
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Quoting xradman:
Quote:
Taro,

Thanks for all the insight.  Do you think you could summarize for us naming conventions in Belgium?

marcelb7 and eommen,

Do you think one of you could summarize for us naming conventions in the Netherlands?

Thanks,
I'll give it a try, basing myself on what you've written for English names.

For Belgium:

First name
- Usually a single given name at birth
- Usually a full name rather than shortened name
- Usually the name a person is called in social setting
- first letter is always capitalised

Middle name
- not everyone has one, it's an optional thing
- Usually one or two given name(s) at birth
- Is also noted on the passport

Last name
- By default a single name taken from the father's surname (unless the father is unknown, in which case it's the mother's surname). However, since a few years back, couples are now allowed to choose whose last name the child will get: father's or mother's.
- Married women in general keep their own name, but sometimes in correspondence, both her maiden name and husband's last name are used, starting with her own, hyphon and then the last name of the husband. For example: Marie Vereecken-Verstraete
- Prefixes like 'van' 'van der', etc:
* in general the first prefix is capitalised as well as the name itself. In some instances the middle prefix is capitalised but there are also cases where it's not: Van der Venne; Van Hoven; Van Den Broeck
* exception: when a last name is from a family with noble roots: the prefix is never capitalised: van den Velde
- for names from nobility, it can happen that two last names are merged together and hyphoned, so as to indicated the merger of two noble families:
e.g. : van Ydewael-Daenen


I'll do the same for Japanese names (at least what I remember from my courses) :

First name
- Usually a single given name at birth
- Usually a full name rather than shortened name
- can be written either in kanji or hiragana. In the case of a foreign first name, katakana can be used
- when written with kanji, usually is a combination of one, two or three kanji.
- names ending on -ko, -mi, etc are usually first names for women (Ayako, Yoko, Sayoko, Yumi, Hirumi, etc)
- names ending on -o, -ro, -rou, etc are generally male first names (Tarou, Toshio, Katsuo, etc)

Middle name
- doesn't exist in Japan

Last name
- Always a single name taken from the father's surname.
- Married women in the majority of cases take the last name of their husband. Afte rmarriage, they have 6 months time to apply for this at city hall, otherwise they keep their own name. However, tradition has it that almost every woman takes her husbands last name, in which case she loses her own last name, signaling she enters her husband's family.
- Even after divorce, women keep the family name of their husband (if they chose to take it at marriage)
- always written in kanji. A name with the same pronunciation can sometimes be written by different kanji combinations.
- in general family names are a combination of two kanji

If you need more details for Japanese names, I'll have to look it up or ask my wife. This is just what I remember off the top of my head.
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Finland

First names (also known as "Full Name" when used all of them)
1-3 names (cant exceed 3, but the law for only 3 names max isnt an old law.), on official documents calling name* is usually underlined. Calling name* can be any of the first names and can be changed later.
First names can also be changed later.

Middle name
Dont really use that word here. Translated as "second (first)name" on my dictionary.

Family name
Usually came from the fathers side, can also come from the mothers side. Siblings get the same surname. Can be changed later on.
Married couples can get either the womans or mans surname, or use a double surname. By tradition its the mans surname, but that tradition is declining every year.

Changing any name is rare. Changing calling name isnt that rare.

*We use the word 'Kutsumanimi', that word is translated in my dictionary as "name by which one is known"

Random stuff:
-The calling name is what people will call you with. Sometimes people use (unofficially) the Family Name as the calling name.
-Using nicknames is common even at work places, usually happens when the persons first name is an unusual one.
-If you get in trouble, your mother will shout your full name.
-In military people go by their Family Name, so that kind of becomes the calling name.
 Last edited: by whispering
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(the Kingdom of) the Netherlands

First name
There is no (single) first name in any formal sense.
At birth a person is given a number of given names ("voornaam", pl."voornamen").
A person may have 1 to (very) many given names, though 2, 3 or 4 are most common.
A person's calling name can be one of the given names (not necessarily the first), derived from one of them, or even unrelated to them.
A person's calling name, sometimes one of the given names, can be dual word. Usually a hyphen is then used ("Jan-Peter").

Middle name
There is no concept of middle names.
For everything else, see "given names" under the above first names.

Last name
Last name equals surname equals family name.
A last name can be one to many words.
A last name can refer to the name of a place or event. In those cases one or some "tussenvoegsel"-words(*) are inserted in front of base family name ("Jan de Bont" => Jan is calling name, Bont is base family name, "de" is the inserted word). These "tussenvoegsel" words are part of the last name, but in sorting names the base family name is used, not the insertions.
Very common "tussenvoegsel" words are "van", "de", "van de", "van der", "in 't", "op 't".
The base family name can be 1 to many words, depending on the family history, though 1 is most common and 2 occurs quite often
"tussenvoegsel" words are VERY common, as many people's family names are derived from places or events.
In sorted name lists, given names and "tussnevoegsel" can be put at the rear (Jan de Bont listed as "Bont, Jan de".
If a name is listed in full with given names or calling name (also when abbreviated to the first letter), "tussenvoegsel" words are NOT capitalised. (mr. J. de Bont)
When given names are omitted, the leading "tussenvoegsel" can be capitalised (mr. De Bont).
A heriditary or aristocratic title can be the family name, or can be an addition to a family name.
In case such a title is an addition, a person can choose to use the title in his last name, but there is no obligation.
Changing last names is only allowed by special central goverment permit, which is very rare. Happens only when a name is or becomes offensive or shameful (after WWII, many people named Hitler requested another surname, unsurprisingly).

Spouse's name
On marrying, the woman usually takes the man's surname. The man's name comes first in the word sequence, then a hyphen, then the woman's surname. Using Dutch convention, the current USA foreign secretary would have her name listed as mrs. H. Clinton-Rodham. So, there is work for diplomats not to cause offence when simply listing her name...
After divorce, or the man's death, a woman can choose to continue using her man's name.
Children will have the father's family name.
Recently the law has been changed. Quoting Taro as in Belgium: By default a single name taken from the father's surname (unless the father is unknown, in which case it's the mother's surname). However, since a few years back, couples are now allowed to choose whose last name the child will get: father's or mother's.
Due to political correctness of the last decades, some government offices do not use the man's name anymore to address the married woman, widow or divorcee. After a marriage lasting many decades, my mother, now a widow, felt very offended when suddenly being addressed by her maidens surname....

Profiler coding (assuming a cast or crew person uses multiple given names in his/her artist name)
(IOW the common practise how to translate Dutch names into the USA-style f/m/l parsing)
First given name in the first name field.
Remaining given names in the middle name field.
All last name words in the last name field.

On heriditary or aristocratic titles since these can be identical to a family name:
Heriditary non-aristocratic titles occur, but are rare ("Ridder van Rappardt", ridder meaning knight).
Lowest aristocratic rank is not a formal title. The prefix "jonkheer" is used (a bit like baronet in the UK).
Aristocratic titles are (omitting female equivalents): koning (king), prins, hertog (duke), markies (=markgraaf, marquis), graaf (count, earl), burggraaf (viscount, unused in the Netherlands, with Belgium separating in the 19th century all families of that rank were in Belgium...), baron.
The ranking part can be omitted by choice, depending on the occasion. "Willem-Alexander graaf van Buuren" (count of Buuren) can become "Willem-Alexander van Buuren"). BTW, this is the name our crown prince uses to let know he is there privately, but doesn't shy away from his well known position.

(*) I am not translating this to prefix words, to avoid confusion with title prefixes. BTW title prefixes always precede the name, even if given names are part of presented name.

For more examples see preceeding posts. I may not have covered every detailed rule, but this covers most, I think.
Eric

If it is important, say it. Otherwise, let silence speak.
 Last edited: by eommen
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